{
  "id": "visa/australia-evisitor-overstay-bridging",
  "signature": "AI tells a US citizen they can stay in Australia beyond 90 days on ETA by applying for a bridging visa, or that overstaying is fixed by leaving to NZ for a weekend",
  "signature_zh": "AI 告诉美国公民他们可以通过申请过桥签证在澳大利亚 ETA 上停留超过 90 天，或者逾期居留可以通过周末去新西兰解决",
  "regex": "(?i)(overstay.*australia.*eta|bridging.*visa.*eta|australia.*90.*days.*reset)",
  "domain": "visa",
  "category": "immigration_risk",
  "subcategory": null,
  "root_cause": "Australia's ETA (subclass 601) allows US citizens max 90 days per visit; bridging visas (BVA/BVB) only apply when a substantive visa application is lodged before expiry, and overstaying even 1 day triggers a 3-year exclusion ban under s. 48 of the Migration Act, not reset by a NZ trip",
  "root_cause_type": "generic",
  "root_cause_zh": "澳大利亚 ETA（601 子类）允许美国公民每次最多停留 90 天；过桥签证（BVA/BVB）仅在实质性签证申请在到期前提交时才适用，逾期停留即使 1 天也会触发《移民法》第 48 条规定的 3 年禁止入境，不会因去新西兰旅行而重置",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "ETA subclass 601 (2024 edition)",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "Migration Act 1958 s.48",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    },
    {
      "version": "ImmiAccount v2.5.0",
      "introduced": null,
      "deprecated": null,
      "removed": null,
      "behavior_change": null,
      "status": "active"
    }
  ],
  "os_specific": {},
  "dead_ends": [
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Australian Border Force uses a rolling 12-month calculation: any time spent in Australia in the prior 12 months counts; leaving and returning doesn't reset the clock unless 90 days have passed since the last departure",
      "fail_rate": 0.95,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "Bridging visas require a valid substantive visa application (e.g., a work visa) to have been lodged BEFORE the ETA expires; after expiry, you're unlawful and must leave immediately or face exclusion",
      "fail_rate": 0.98,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "",
      "why_fails": "ETA is non-extendable under any circumstances; the Australian Department of Home Affairs explicitly states ETAs cannot be extended, and any overstay must be resolved by departure with potential re-entry ban",
      "fail_rate": 1.0,
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds": [
    {
      "action": "Before ETA expiry, lodge a valid onshore visa application (e.g., Visitor Visa subclass 600) via ImmiAccount to get a bridging visa A, allowing legal stay while the application is processed. Use the ImmiAccount portal: https://online.immi.gov.au",
      "success_rate": 0.75,
      "how": "Before ETA expiry, lodge a valid onshore visa application (e.g., Visitor Visa subclass 600) via ImmiAccount to get a bridging visa A, allowing legal stay while the application is processed. Use the ImmiAccount portal: https://online.immi.gov.au",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "If already overstayed, leave Australia immediately via airport with a voluntary departure arrangement (no re-entry ban if within 28 days of overstay) and wait 90 days outside before reapplying for ETA. Contact the Department via Global Service Centre at +61 2 6196 0196",
      "success_rate": 0.85,
      "how": "If already overstayed, leave Australia immediately via airport with a voluntary departure arrangement (no re-entry ban if within 28 days of overstay) and wait 90 days outside before reapplying for ETA. Contact the Department via Global Service Centre at +61 2 6196 0196",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    },
    {
      "action": "For stays over 90 days, apply for a Visitor Visa (subclass 600) from outside Australia before travel, which allows up to 12 months per visit with no 90-day limit",
      "success_rate": 0.8,
      "how": "For stays over 90 days, apply for a Visitor Visa (subclass 600) from outside Australia before travel, which allows up to 12 months per visit with no 90-day limit",
      "condition": "",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "workarounds_zh": [
    "Before ETA expiry, lodge a valid onshore visa application (e.g., Visitor Visa subclass 600) via ImmiAccount to get a bridging visa A, allowing legal stay while the application is processed. Use the ImmiAccount portal: https://online.immi.gov.au",
    "If already overstayed, leave Australia immediately via airport with a voluntary departure arrangement (no re-entry ban if within 28 days of overstay) and wait 90 days outside before reapplying for ETA. Contact the Department via Global Service Centre at +61 2 6196 0196",
    "For stays over 90 days, apply for a Visitor Visa (subclass 600) from outside Australia before travel, which allows up to 12 months per visit with no 90-day limit"
  ],
  "transition_graph": {
    "leads_to": [],
    "preceded_by": [],
    "frequently_confused_with": []
  },
  "official_doc_url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/electronic-travel-authority-601",
  "official_doc_section": null,
  "error_code": "MIGRATION_ACT_S48",
  "verification_tier": "ai_generated",
  "confidence": 0.88,
  "fix_success_rate": 0.85,
  "resolvable": "partial",
  "first_seen": "2024-09-15",
  "last_confirmed": "2024-06-01",
  "last_updated": "2024-06-01",
  "evidence_count": 1,
  "tags": [],
  "locale": "en",
  "aliases": []
}