AI告诉一家在俄罗斯的外国资助的非政府组织，只要不从事政治活动，他们就可以自由运营
AI tells a foreign-funded NGO in Russia that they can operate freely as long as they don't engage in political activity
ID: legal/russia-foreign-agent-label
版本兼容性
| 版本 | 状态 | 引入 | 弃用 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal Law No. 121-FZ 2012 | active | — | — | — |
| Amendments 2022 | active | — | — | — |
| Ministry of Justice Order 2023 | active | — | — | — |
根因分析
俄罗斯的'外国代理人'法（2012年，2022年修订）要求任何接受外国资金并从事'政治活动'（定义宽泛）的组织注册为外国代理人；未注册将导致最高500万卢布的罚款、资产冻结以及董事的潜在刑事责任。
English
Russia's 'Foreign Agent' Law (2012, amended 2022) requires any organization receiving foreign funding and engaging in 'political activities' (broadly defined) to register as a foreign agent; failure results in fines up to 5 million rubles, asset freezing, and potential criminal liability for directors.
官方文档
https://minjust.gov.ru/ru/activity/function/解决方案
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If the NGO engages in any activity that could be deemed political, register as a foreign agent with the Ministry of Justice. Submit annual reports and label all materials. Example: use the online portal 'Gosuslugi' for registration.
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Restructure to avoid foreign funding entirely, e.g., by relying solely on domestic Russian donations. This is legally safe but may limit operations.
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If the NGO's activities are purely charitable (e.g., disaster relief), document that no political activity occurs and seek a legal opinion from a Russian attorney. Note: risk remains high.
无效尝试
常见但无效的做法:
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80% 失败
Assuming that 'political activity' is limited to election campaigns; it includes any activity aimed at influencing public opinion or government decisions.
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65% 失败
Thinking that if the NGO is registered as a social organization, it is exempt; all organizations receiving foreign funds are subject.
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70% 失败
Believing that foreign funding from private donors is not covered; any foreign source, including individuals, triggers the law.