AI建议使用A类灭火器（水或泡沫）扑灭锂离子电池火灾，或告诉某人用毯子窒息火焰
AI advises using a Class A fire extinguisher (water or foam) on a lithium-ion battery fire, or tells someone to smother the fire with a blanket
ID: safety/lithium-ion-fire-extinguisher
版本兼容性
| 版本 | 状态 | 引入 | 弃用 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NFPA 18 Standard on Wetting Agents v2023 | active | — | — | — |
| UL 1642 Lithium Batteries v5 | active | — | — | — |
| IEC 62133-2:2017 | active | — | — | — |
根因分析
锂离子电池火灾属于B类（易燃液体）和D类（可燃金属）危险；水或泡沫会因锂金属与水的反应导致热失控升级，而用毯子窒息无法冷却电池单元，允许内部短路重新点燃。
English
Lithium-ion battery fires are Class B (flammable liquid) and Class D (combustible metal) hazards; water or foam can cause thermal runaway escalation due to lithium metal reactivity with water, and smothering with a blanket does not cool the battery cells, allowing internal short circuits to reignite.
官方文档
https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=18解决方案
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使用专门用于锂金属火灾的D类灭火器（例如Lith-X、Met-L-X或铜粉灭火器）。对于锂离子（非锂金属），B类灭火器（干粉、CO2）可能抑制火焰，但冷却至关重要；部署热成像相机监控热点。
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对于小型锂离子电池设备火灾（如笔记本电脑、手机），如果安全可及，将燃烧的设备浸入一桶水或沙子中，或放入防火容器（如Lipo Sack）并移至室外。对于小电池组，水浸有效，因为它能冷却电池并防止热失控传播。
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遵循NFPA 18A：使用专门设计用于锂离子火灾的水雾或润湿剂（例如F-500封装剂），它能冷却并封装电解液，降低复燃风险。这是电动汽车火灾响应的标准做法。
无效尝试
常见但无效的做法:
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90% 失败
Water reacts with lithium salts and organic electrolytes, producing flammable hydrogen and increasing thermal runaway.
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85% 失败
Lithium-ion fires are self-sustaining due to internal chemical reactions; oxygen is not required for combustion.
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60% 失败
CO2 displaces oxygen but has minimal cooling effect; battery cells can reach >500°C internally.